This section describes how to build and run SPARTA, for both new and experienced users.
2.1 What's in the SPARTA distributionWhen you download SPARTA you will need to unzip and untar the downloaded file with the following commands:
gunzip sparta*.tar.gz tar xvf sparta*.tar
This will create a SPARTA directory containing two files and several sub-directories:
| README | text file |
| LICENSE | the GNU General Public License (GPL) |
| bench | benchmark problems |
| data | files with species, collision, and reaction parameters |
| doc | documentation |
| examples | simple test problems |
| python | Python wrapper |
| src | source files |
| tools | pre- and post-processing tools |
This section has the following sub-sections:
Building SPARTA can be non-trivial. You may need to edit a makefile, there are compiler options to consider, additional libraries can be used (MPI, JPEG).
Please read this section carefully. If you are not comfortable with cmake, makefiles, or building codes on a Linux platform, or running an MPI job on your machine, please find a local expert to help you.
SPARTA requires that the compiler supports C++11. SPARTA will throw an error if this is not the case. If you are building SPARTA with Kokkos, the compiler must support C++17.
If you have a build problem that you are convinced is a SPARTA issue (e.g. the compiler complains about a line of SPARTA source code), then please send an email to the developers.
If you succeed in building SPARTA on a new kind of machine, for which there isn't a similar Makefile in the src/MAKE directory or .cmake file in cmake/presets, send it to the developers and we'll include it in future SPARTA releases.
Step 0
The src directory contains the C++ source and header files for SPARTA. It also contains a top-level Makefile and a MAKE sub-directory with low-level Makefile.* files for many machines. From within the src directory, type "make" or "gmake". You should see a list of available choices. If one of those is the machine and options you want, you can type a command like:
make g++ or gmake mac
Note that on a multi-core platform you can launch a parallel make, by using the "-j" switch with the make command, which will build SPARTA more quickly.
If you get no errors and an executable like spa_g++ or spa_mac is produced, you're done; it's your lucky day.
Note that by default none of the SPARTA optional packages are installed. To build SPARTA with optional packages, see this section below.
Step 1
If Step 0 did not work, you will need to create a low-level Makefile for your machine, like Makefile.foo. Copy an existing src/MAKE/Makefile.* as a starting point. The only portions of the file you need to edit are the first line, the "compiler/linker settings" section, and the "SPARTA-specific settings" section.
Step 2
Change the first line of src/MAKE/Makefile.foo to list the word "foo" after the "#", and whatever other options it will set. This is the line you will see if you just type "make".
Step 3
The "compiler/linker settings" section lists compiler and linker settings for your C++ compiler, including optimization flags. You can use g++, the open-source GNU compiler, which is available on all Linux systems. You can also use mpicc which will typically be available if MPI is installed on your system, though you should check which actual compiler it wraps. Vendor compilers often produce faster code. On boxes with Intel CPUs, we suggest using the commercial Intel icc compiler, which can be downloaded from Intel's compiler site.
If building a C++ code on your machine requires additional libraries, then you should list them as part of the LIB variable.
The DEPFLAGS setting is what triggers the C++ compiler to create a dependency list for a source file. This speeds re-compilation when source (*.cpp) or header (*.h) files are edited. Some compilers do not support dependency file creation, or may use a different switch than -D. GNU g++ works with -D. Note that when you build SPARTA for the first time on a new platform, a long list of *.d files will be printed out rapidly. This is not an error; it is the Makefile doing its normal creation of dependencies.
Step 4
The "system-specific settings" section has several parts. Note that if you change any -D setting in this section, you should do a full re-compile, after typing "make clean", which will describe different clean options.
The SPA_INC variable is used to include options that turn on ifdefs within the SPARTA code. The options that are currently recognized are:
The read_data and dump commands will read/write gzipped files if you compile with -DSPARTA_GZIP. It requires that your Linux support the "popen" command.
If you use -DSPARTA_JPEG and/or -DSPARTA_PNG, the dump image command will be able to write out JPEG and/or PNG image files respectively. If not, it will only be able to write out PPM image files. For JPEG files, you must also link SPARTA with a JPEG library, as described below. For PNG files, you must also link SPARTA with a PNG library, as described below.
If you use -DSPARTA_FFMPEG, the dump movie command will be available to support on-the-fly generation of rendered movies the need to store intermediate image files. It requires that your machines supports the "popen" function in the standard runtime library and that an FFmpeg executable can be found by SPARTA during the run.
If you use -DSPARTA_MAP, SPARTA will use the STL map class for hash tables. This is less efficient than the unordered map class which is not yet supported by all C++ compilers. If you use -DSPARTA_UNORDERED_MAP, SPARTA will use the unordered_map class for hash tables and will assume it is part of the STL (e.g. this works for Clang++). The default is to use the unordered map class from the "tri1" extension to the STL which is supported by most compilers. So only use either of these options if the build complains that unordered maps are not recognized.
Use at most one of the -DSPARTA_SMALL, -DSPARTA_BIG, -DSPARTA_BIGBIG settings. The default is -DSPARTA_BIG. These refer to use of 4-byte (small) vs 8-byte (big) integers within SPARTA, as described in src/spatype.h. The only reason to use the BIGBIG setting is if you have a regular grid with more than ~2 billion grid cells or a hierarchical grid with enough levels that grid cell IDs cannot fit in a 32-bit integer. In either case, SPARTA will generate an error message for "Cell ID has too many bits". See Section 4.8 of the manual for details on how cell IDs are formatted. The only reason to use the SMALL setting is if your machine does not support 64-bit integers.
In all cases, the size of problem that can be run on a per-processor basis is limited by 4-byte integer storage to about 2 billion particles per processor (2^31), which should not normally be a restriction since such a problem would have a huge per-processor memory and would run very slowly in terms of CPU secs/timestep.
The -DSPARTA_LONGLONG_TO_LONG setting may be needed if your system or MPI version does not recognize "long long" data types. In this case a "long" data type is likely already 64-bits, in which case this setting will use that data type.
Using one of the -DPACK_ARRAY, -DPACK_POINTER, and -DPACK_MEMCPY options can make for faster parallel FFTs on some platforms. The -DPACK_ARRAY setting is the default. See the compute fft/grid command for info about FFTs. See Step 6 below for info about building SPARTA with an FFT library.
Step 5
The 3 MPI variables are used to specify an MPI library to build SPARTA with.
If you want SPARTA to run in parallel, you must have an MPI library installed on your platform. If you use an MPI-wrapped compiler, such as "mpicc" to build, you should be able to leave these 3 variables blank; the MPI wrapper knows where to find the needed files. If not, and MPI is installed on your system in the usual place (under /usr/local), you also may not need to specify these 3 variables. On some large parallel machines which use "modules" for their compile/link environements, you may simply need to include the correct module in your build environment. Or the parallel machine may have a vendor-provided MPI which the compiler has no trouble finding.
Failing this, with these 3 variables you can specify where the mpi.h file is found (via MPI_INC), and the MPI library file is found (via MPI_PATH), and the name of the library file (via MPI_LIB). See Makefile.serial for an example of how this can be done.
If you are installing MPI yourself, we recommend MPICH 1.2 or 2.0 or OpenMPI. MPICH can be downloaded from the Argonne MPI site. OpenMPI can be downloaded from the OpenMPI site. If you are running on a big parallel platform, your system admins or the vendor should have already installed a version of MPI, which will be faster than MPICH or OpenMPI, so find out how to build and link with it. If you use MPICH or OpenMPI, you will have to configure and build it for your platform. The MPI configure script should have compiler options to enable you to use the same compiler you use for the SPARTA build, which can avoid problems that can arise when linking SPARTA to the MPI library.
If you just want to run SPARTA on a single processor, you can use the dummy MPI library provided in src/STUBS, since you don't need a true MPI library installed on your system. You will also need to build the STUBS library for your platform before making SPARTA itself. From the src directory, type "make mpi-stubs", or from within the STUBS dir, type "make" and it should create a libmpi.a suitable for linking to SPARTA. If this build fails, you will need to edit the STUBS/Makefile for your platform.
The file STUBS/mpi.cpp provides a CPU timer function called MPI_Wtime() that calls gettimeofday() . If your system doesn't support gettimeofday() , you'll need to insert code to call another timer. Note that the ANSI-standard function clock() function rolls over after an hour or so, and is therefore insufficient for timing long SPARTA simulations.
Step 6
The 3 FFT variables allow you to specify an FFT library which SPARTA uses (for performing 1d FFTs) when built with its FFT package, which contains commands that invoke FFTs.
SPARTA supports various open-source or vendor-supplied FFT libraries for this purpose. If you leave these 3 variables blank, SPARTA will use the open-source KISS FFT library, which is included in the SPARTA distribution. This library is portable to all platforms and for typical SPARTA simulations is almost as fast as FFTW or vendor optimized libraries. If you are not including the FFT package in your build, you can also leave the 3 variables blank.
Otherwise, select which kinds of FFTs to use as part of the FFT_INC setting by a switch of the form -DFFT_XXX. Available values for XXX are: MKL or FFTW3. Selecting -DFFT_FFTW will use the FFTW3 library.
Similarly a separate FFT library can be specified for KOKKOS package. By default, SPARTA will use a Kokkos version of the open-source KISS FFT library, which is included in the SPARTA distribution. Note that using the KISS FFT library on GPUs may give suboptimal performance. Other options can be specified using the form -DFFT_KOKKOS_XXX. Available values for XXX when using Kokkos are: CUFFT, HIPFFT, MKL or FFTW3. When using the Kokkos CUDA backend, either CUFFT or KISS must be used. When using the Kokkos HIP backend, either HIPFFT or KISS must be used. When using the Kokkos OpenMP or Serial backend, either MKL, FFTW3, or KISS must be used. The CUFFT option specifies the cuFFT library from NVIDIA. The HIPFFT option specifies the rocFFT library from AMD.
You may also need to set the FFT_INC, FFT_PATH, and FFT_LIB variables, so the compiler and linker can find the needed FFT header and library files. Note that on some large parallel machines which use "modules" for their compile/link environements, you may simply need to include the correct module in your build environment. Or the parallel machine may have a vendor-provided FFT library which the compiler has no trouble finding.
FFTW is a fast, portable library that should also work on any platform. You can download it from www.fftw.org. The 3.X versions are supported as -DFFT_FFTW3. Building FFTW for your box should be as simple as ./configure; make.
The FFT_INC variable also allows for a -DFFT_SINGLE setting that will use single-precision FFTs, which can speed-up the calculation, particularly in parallel or on GPUs. Fourier transform and related PPPM operations are somewhat insensitive to floating point truncation errors and thus do not always need to be performed in double precision. Using the -DFFT_SINGLE setting trades off a little accuracy for reduced memory use and parallel communication costs for transposing 3d FFT data.
Step 7
The 3 JPG variables allow you to specify a JPEG and/or PNG library which SPARTA uses when writing out JPEG or PNG files via the dump image command. These can be left blank if you do not use the -DSPARTA_JPEG or -DSPARTA_PNG switches discussed above in Step 4, since in that case JPEG/PNG output will be disabled.
A standard JPEG library usually goes by the name libjpeg.a or libjpeg.so and has an associated header file jpeglib.h. Whichever JPEG library you have on your platform, you'll need to set the appropriate JPG_INC, JPG_PATH, and JPG_LIB variables, so that the compiler and linker can find it.
A standard PNG library usually goes by the name libpng.a or libpng.so and has an associated header file png.h. Whichever PNG library you have on your platform, you'll need to set the appropriate JPG_INC, JPG_PATH, and JPG_LIB variables, so that the compiler and linker can find it.
As before, if these header and library files are in the usual place on your machine, you may not need to set these variables.
Step 8
Note that by default none of the SPARTA optional packages are installed. To build SPARTA with optional packages, see this section below, before proceeding to Step 9.
Step 9
That's it. Once you have a correct Makefile.foo, and you have pre-built any other needed libraries (e.g. MPI), all you need to do from the src directory is type one of the following:
make foo make -j N foo gmake foo gmake -j N foo
The -j or -j N switches perform a parallel build which can be much faster, depending on how many cores your compilation machine has. N is the number of cores the build runs on.
You should get the executable spa_foo when the build is complete.
Step 0
Please review https://github.com/sparta/sparta/blob/master/BUILD_CMAKE.md and ensure that CMake version 3.12.0 or greater is installed:
which cmake which cmake3 cmake --version
On clusters and supercomputers one can use modules to load cmake:
module avail cmake module load
On Linux one may use apt, yum, or pacman to install cmake.
On Mac one may use brew or macports to install cmake.
Step 1
The cmake directory contains the CMake source files for SPARTA. Create a build directory and from within the build directory, run cmake:
mkdir build cd build cmake -LH -DSPARTA_MACHINE=tutorial /path/to/sparta/cmake
This will generate the default Makefiles and print the SPARTA CMake options. To list the generated targets, do:
make help
Now you can try to build the SPARTA binaries with:
make
If everything works, an executable named spa_tutorial and a library named libsparta.a will be produced in build/src.
Step 2
If Step 1 did not work, see if you can use any system presets from /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets. To select a preset:
cd build
# Clear the CMake files rm -rf CMake*
cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NAME.cmake -DSPARTA_MACHINE=tutorial /path/to/sparta/cmake make
Step 3
If Step 2 did not work, look at cmake -LH for a list of SPARTA CMake options and their meaning, then modify one or more of those options by doing:
cd build rm -rf CMake* cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NAME.cmake -D= /path/to/sparta/cmake make
where
For a full list of CMake option value pairs, see cmake -LAH. The most relevant CMake options (with example values) for our purposes here are:
-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/local/bin/g++ -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-O3
If your cmake command line is getting too long, consider placing it in a bash script and escaping newlines. For example:
cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NAME.cmake -D -D= /path/to/sparta/cmake
Step 4
The SPARTA_DEFAULT_CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS option passes flags to the compiler when building object files. Note that if you change any -D setting in this section, you should do a full re-compile, after typing "make clean".
The SPARTA_DEFAULT_CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS option is typically used to include options that turn on ifdefs within the SPARTA code. The options that are currently recogized are:
The read_data and dump commands will read/write gzipped files if you compile with -DSPARTA_GZIP. It requires that your Linux support the "popen" command.
If you use -DSPARTA_JPEG and/or -DSPARTA_PNG, the dump image command will be able to write out JPEG and/or PNG image files respectively. If not, it will only be able to write out PPM image files. For JPEG files, you must also link SPARTA with a JPEG library, as described below. For PNG files, you must also link SPARTA with a PNG library, as described below.
If you use -DSPARTA_FFMPEG, the dump movie command will be available to support on-the-fly generation of rendered movies the need to store intermediate image files. It requires that your machines supports the "popen" function in the standard runtime library and that an FFmpeg executable can be found by SPARTA during the run.
If you use -DSPARTA_MAP, SPARTA will use the STL map class for hash tables. This is less efficient than the unordered map class which is not yet supported by all C++ compilers. If you use -DSPARTA_UNORDERED_MAP, SPARTA will use the unordered_map class for hash tables and will assume it is part of the STL (e.g. this works for Clang++). The default is to use the unordered map class from the "tri1" extension to the STL which is supported by most compilers. So only use either of these options if the build complains that unordered maps are not recognized.
Use at most one of the -DSPARTA_SMALL, -DSPARTA_BIG, -DSPARTA_BIGBIG settings. The default is -DSPARTA_BIG. These refer to use of 4-byte (small) vs 8-byte (big) integers within SPARTA, as described in src/spatype.h. The only reason to use the BIGBIG setting is if you have a regular grid with more than ~2 billion grid cells or a hierarchical grid with enough levels that grid cell IDs cannot fit in a 32-bit integer. In either case, SPARTA will generate an error message for "Cell ID has too many bits". See Section 4.8 of the manual for details on how cell IDs are formatted. The only reason to use the SMALL setting is if your machine does not support 64-bit integers.
In all cases, the size of problem that can be run on a per-processor basis is limited by 4-byte integer storage to about 2 billion particles per processor (2^31), which should not normally be a restriction since such a problem would have a huge per-processor memory and would run very slowly in terms of CPU secs/timestep.
The -DSPARTA_LONGLONG_TO_LONG setting may be needed if your system or MPI version does not recognize "long long" data types. In this case a "long" data type is likely already 64-bits, in which case this setting will use that data type.
Using one of the -DPACK_ARRAY, -DPACK_POINTER, and -DPACK_MEMCPY options can make for faster parallel FFTs on some platforms. The -DPACK_ARRAY setting is the default. See the compute fft/grid command for info about FFTs. See STEP 7 below for info about building SPARTA with an FFT library.
Step 5
This step is optional. Once you get Steps 3 and 4 working by modifying the options to the cmake command, try setting the same options in /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NEW.cmake by copying /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NAME.cmake and modifying the cmake source code. Note that the CMake cache is sticky and will only evict a cached option value pair if you use -D or the FORCE argument to CMake's set routine.
Now just do:
cd build rm -rf CMake* cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NEW.cmake /path/to/sparta/cmake make
consider sharing and vetting NEW.cmake by opening a pull request at https://github.com/sparta/sparta/.
Step 6
This step explains how to enable and select MPI in the SPARTA CMake configuration. There may already be a preset in /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets that selects the correct MPI installation.
By default, SPARTA configures with MPI enabled and cmake will print which MPI was selected. To build serial binaries, use SPARTA's MPI_STUBS package:
cmake -DPKG_MPI_STUBS=ON /path/to/sparta/cmake
You may want a different MPI installation than CMake finds. CMake uses module files such as FindMPI.cmake to handle wiring in a given installation of a library and its headers. If you're on a cluster or supercomputer, use module before running cmake so that cmake finds the MPI installation you'd like to use:
# Show which modules are loaded module list
# Show which modules are available module avail
module load
On Linux one may use apt, yum, or pacman to install MPI.
On Mac one may use brew or macports to install MPI.
Verify that cmake found the correct MPI installation:
cd build rm -rf CMake*
# cmake should print "Found MPI*" strings cmake options /path/to/sparta/cmake
Note that if the preset file you're using enables PKG_MPI_STUBS, MPI will not be searched for unless you explicitly disable PKG_MPI_STUBS in the preset file.
If you'd like to use a custom MPI installation or cmake is not locating the MPI installation you've selected via the module command or package manager, try export MPI_ROOT=/path/to/mpi/install before running cmake. Otherwise, please see https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.12/module/FindMPI.html#variables-for-locating-mpi. Note that this documentation link is for CMake version 3.12.
Step 7
When the SPARTA FFT package is enabled with cmake -DPKG_FFT=ON, you may select between 3 thiry party libraries (TPLs) for 1d FFTs, which SPARTA uses when configured with cmake -DFFT=FFTW3,MKL,KISS.
By default SPARTA will use the open-source KISS FFT library, which is included in the SPARTA distribution. This library is portable to all platforms and for typical SPARTA simulations is almost as fast as FFTW or vendor optimized libraries.
Similarly when using the KOKKOS package, you may select between 5 TPLs for FFT which SPARTA uses when configured with cmake -DFFT_KOKKOS=CUFFT,HIPFFT,FFTW3,MKL,KISS. This requires enabling the SPARTA FFT package which can be selected with cmake -DPKG_FFT=ON.
By default, SPARTA will use a Kokkos version of the open-source KISS FFT library, which is included in the SPARTA distribution. Note that using the KISS FFT library on GPUs may give suboptimal performance. Other options for -DFFT_KOKKOS are CUFFT, HIPFFT, MKL or FFTW3. When using the Kokkos CUDA backend, either CUFFT or KISS must be used. When using the Kokkos HIP backend, either HIPFFT or KISS must be used. When using the Kokkos OpenMP or Serial backend, either MKL, FFTW3, or KISS must be used. The CUFFT option specifies the cuFFT library from NVIDIA. The HIPFFT option specifies the rocFFT library from AMD.
You may need to install the FFT TPL you're interested in using. If you're on a cluster or supercomputer, use module before running cmake so that cmake finds the FFT installation you'd like to use:
# Show which modules are loaded module list
# Show which modules are available module avail
module load
On Linux one may use apt, yum, or pacman to install FFT.
On Mac one may use brew or macports to install FFT.
Verify that cmake found the correct MPI installation:
cd build rm -rf CMake*
# cmake should print "Found FFT*" strings cmake options /path/to/sparta/cmake
Note that if the preset file you're using enables PKG_FFT, FFT will not be searched for unless you explicitly disable PKG_FFT in the preset file.
If you'd like to use a custom FFT installation or cmake is not locating the FFT installation you've selected via the module command or package manager, try export FFT_ROOT=/path/to/fft/install before running cmake. Otherwise, please open an issue at https://github.com/sparta/sparta/issues.
Step 8
You may select between 2 TPLs, JPEG or PNG, for writing out JPEG or PNG files via the dump image command. To select a TPL, use:
cmake -DBUILD_JPEG=ON /path/to/sparta/cmake
or:
cmake -DBUILD_PNG=ON /path/to/sparta/cmake
If you'd like to use a custom jpeg or png installation, please see https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.12/module/FindJPEG.html or https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.12/module/FindPNG.html. Note that these documentation links are for CMake version 3.12.
Step 9
By default, none of the SPARTA optional packages are installed. To build SPARTA with optional packages, use:
cmake -DPKG_XXX=ON /path/to/sparta/cmake
Where XXX is the package to enable. For a full list of optional packages, see:
cmake -LH /path/to/sparta/cmake
Step 10
Once you have a correct cmake command line or the NAME.cmake preset file, just do:
cd build cmake OPTIONS /path/to/sparta/cmake
or:
cd build cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NAME.cmake -DSPARTA_MACHINE=tutorial /path/to/sparta/cmake
make -j N
The -j or -j N switches perform a parallel build which can be much faster, depending on how many cores your compilation machine has. N is the number of cores the build runs on.
You should get build/src/spa_tutorial and build/src/libsparta.a.
IMPORTANT NOTE: If an error occurs when building SPARTA, the compiler or linker will state very explicitly what the problem is. The error message should give you a hint as to which of the steps above has failed, and what you need to do in order to fix it. Building a code with a Makefile is a very logical process. The compiler and linker need to find the appropriate files and those files need to be compatible with SPARTA source files. When a make fails, there is usually a very simple reason, which you or a local expert will need to fix.
Here are two non-obvious errors that can occur:
(1) If the make command breaks immediately with errors that indicate it can't find files with a "*" in their names, this can be because your machine's native make doesn't support wildcard expansion in a makefile. Try gmake instead of make. If that doesn't work, try using a -f switch with your make command to use a pre-generated Makefile.list which explicitly lists all the needed files, e.g.
make makelist make -f Makefile.list g++ gmake -f Makefile.list mac
The first "make" command will create a current Makefile.list with all the file names in your src dir. The 2nd "make" command (make or gmake) will use it to build SPARTA.
(2) If you get an error that says something like 'identifier "atoll" is undefined', then your machine does not support "long long" integers. Try using the -DSPARTA_LONGLONG_TO_LONG setting described above in Step 4.
(1) Building SPARTA for multiple platforms.
You can make SPARTA for multiple platforms from the same src directory. Each target creates its own object sub-directory called Obj_name where it stores the system-specific *.o files.
(2) Cleaning up.
Typing "make clean-all" or "make clean-foo" will delete *.o object files created when SPARTA is built, for either all builds or for a particular machine.
(1) Building SPARTA for multiple platforms.
It's best to build SPARTA for multiple platforms from different build directories. However, each target creates its own spa_TARGET binary and multiple targets can be built from the same build directory. Note that the *.o object files in build/src will reflective of the most recent build configuration. Also note that if BUILD_SHARED_LIBS was enabled, libsparta will be reflective of the most recent build configuration.
(2) Cleaning up.
Typing "make clean" will delete all binary files for the most recent build configuration.
OS X is BSD Unix, so it should just work. See the Makefile.mac or cmake/presets/mac.cmake file.
At some point we may provide a pre-built Windows executable for SPARTA. Until then you will need to build an executable from source files.
One way to do this is install and use cygwin to build SPARTA with a standard Linux make or CMake, just as you would on any Linux box.
You can also import the *.cpp and *.h files into Microsoft Visual Studio. If someone does this and wants to provide project files or other Windows build tips, please send them to the developers and we will include them in the distribution.
This section has the following sub-sections:
Package basics Including/excluding packages with make Including/excluding packages with CMake
The source code for SPARTA is structured as a set of core files which are always included, plus optional packages. Packages are groups of files that enable a specific set of features. For example, the FFT package which includes a compute fft/grid command and a 2d and 3d FFT library.
For make: You can see the list of all packages by typing "make package" from within the src directory of the SPARTA distribution. This also lists various make commands that can be used to manipulate packages.
For CMake: You can see the list of all packages by typing "cmake -DSPARTA_LIST_PKGS=ON" from within the build directory.
If you use a command in a SPARTA input script that is part of a package, you must have built SPARTA with that package, else you will get an error that the style is invalid or the command is unknown. Every command's doc page specfies if it is part of a package.
To use (or not use) a package you must include it (or exclude it) before building SPARTA. From the src directory, this is typically as simple as:
make yes-fft make g++
or
make no-fft make g++
NOTE: You should NOT include/exclude packages and build SPARTA in a single make command using multiple targets, e.g. make yes-fft g++. This is because the make procedure creates a list of source files that will be out-of-date for the build if the package configuration changes within the same command.
Some packages have individual files that depend on other packages being included. SPARTA checks for this and does the right thing. I.e. individual files are only included if their dependencies are already included. Likewise, if a package is excluded, other files dependent on that package are also excluded.
If you will never run simulations that use the features in a particular packages, there is no reason to include it in your build.
When you download a SPARTA tarball, no packages are pre-installed in the src directory.
Packages are included or excluded by typing "make yes-name" or "make no-name", where "name" is the name of the package in lower-case, e.g. name = fft for the FFT package. You can also type "make yes-all", or "make no-all" to include/exclude all packages. Type "make package" to see all of the package-related make options.
NOTE: Inclusion/exclusion of a package works by simply moving files back and forth between the main src directory and sub-directories with the package name (e.g. src/FFT or src/KOKKOS), so that the files are seen or not seen when SPARTA is built. After you have included or excluded a package, you must re-build SPARTA.
Additional package-related make options exist to help manage SPARTA files that exist in both the src directory and in package sub-directories. You do not normally need to use these commands unless you are editing SPARTA files.
Typing "make package-update" or "make pu" will overwrite src files with files from the package sub-directories if the package has been included. It should be used after a patch is installed, since patches only update the files in the package sub-directory, but not the src files. Typing "make package-overwrite" will overwrite files in the package sub-directories with src files.
Typing "make package-status" or "make ps" will show which packages are currently included. For those that are included, it will list any files that are different in the src directory and package sub-directory. Typing "make package-diff" lists all differences between these files. Again, type "make package" to see all of the package-related make options.
Typing "make package-installed" or "make pi" will show which packages are currently installed in the src directory.
To use (or not use) a package you must include it (or exclude it) before building SPARTA. From the build directory, do:
cmake -DPKG_FFT=ON /path/to/sparta/cmake make -j
or
cmake -DPKG_FFT=OFF /path/to/sparta/cmake make -j
Some packages have individual files that depend on other packages being included. SPARTA checks for this and does the right thing. I.e. individual files are only included if their dependencies are already included. Likewise, if a package is excluded, other files dependent on that package are also excluded.
If you will never run simulations that use the features in a particular packages, there is no reason to include it in your build.
When you download a SPARTA tarball, no packages are pre-installed in the build/src directory.
Packages are included or excluded by typing "cmake -DPKG_NAME=ON" or "cmake -DPKG_NAME=OFF", where "NAME" is the name of the package in upper-case, e.g. name = FFT for the FFT package. You can also type "cmake -DSPARTA_ENABLE_ALL_PKGS=ON", or "cmake -DSPARTA_DISABLE_ALL_PKGS=ON" to include or exclude all packages. Type "cmake -DSPARTA_LIST_PKGS=ON" to see all of the package-related CMake options.
NOTE: Inclusion or exclusion of a package works by setting CMake boolean variables to generate the correct Makefile targets and dependencies. After you have included or excluded a package, you must re-build SPARTA.
If a SPARTA package has source code changes, simply run "make" to rebuild SPARTA with these changes.
Typing "cmake" from the build directory will show which packages are currently included.
SPARTA can be built as either a static or shared library, which can then be called from another application or a scripting language. See Section 6.7 for more info on coupling SPARTA to other codes. See Section 11 for more info on wrapping and running SPARTA from Python.
The CMake build system will produce the library static of dynamic libsparta library in build/src.
CMake builds sparta as a static library in libsparta.a, by default.
To build SPARTA as a static library (*.a file on Linux), type
make foo mode=lib
where foo is the machine name. This kind of library is typically used to statically link a driver application to SPARTA, so that you can insure all dependencies are satisfied at compile time. This will use the ARCHIVE and ARFLAGS settings in src/MAKE/Makefile.foo. The build will create the file libsparta_foo.a which another application can link to. It will also create a soft link libsparta.a, which will point to the most recently built static library.
To build SPARTA as a shared library (*.so file on Linux), which can be dynamically loaded, e.g. from Python, type
make foo mode=shlib
or:
cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/foo.cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON /path/to/sparta/cmake make
where foo is the machine name. This kind of library is required when wrapping SPARTA with Python; see Section_python for details. This will use the SHFLAGS and SHLIBFLAGS settings in src/MAKE/Makefile.foo and perform the build in the directory Obj_shared_foo. This is so that each file can be compiled with the -fPIC flag which is required for inclusion in a shared library. The build will create the file libsparta_foo.so which another application can link to dyamically. It will also create a soft link libsparta.so, which will point to the most recently built shared library. This is the file the Python wrapper loads by default.
Note that for a shared library to be usable by a calling program, all the auxiliary libraries it depends on must also exist as shared libraries. This will be the case for libraries included with SPARTA, such as the dummy MPI library in src/STUBS or any package libraries in lib/packages, since they are always built as shared libraries using the -fPIC switch. However, if a library like MPI or FFTW does not exist as a shared library, the shared library build will generate an error. This means you will need to install a shared library version of the auxiliary library. The build instructions for the library should tell you how to do this.
Here is an example of such errors when the system FFTW or provided lib/colvars library have not been built as shared libraries:
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libfftw3.a(mapflags.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC /usr/local/lib/libfftw3.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
/usr/bin/ld: ../../lib/colvars/libcolvars.a(colvarmodule.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `__pthread_key_create' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC ../../lib/colvars/libcolvars.a: error adding symbols: Bad value
As an example, here is how to build and install the MPICH library, a popular open-source version of MPI, distributed by Argonne National Labs, as a shared library in the default /usr/local/lib location:
./configure --enable-shared make make install
You may need to use "sudo make install" in place of the last line if you do not have write privileges for /usr/local/lib. The end result should be the file /usr/local/lib/libmpich.so.
The operating system finds shared libraries to load at run-time using the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
Using CMake, ensure that CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX is set properly and then run "make -j install" or add build/src to LD_LIBRARY_PATH in your shell's environment.
Using make, you may wish to copy the file src/libsparta.so or src/libsparta_g++.so (for example) to a place the system can find it by default, such as /usr/local/lib, or you may wish to add the SPARTA src directory to LD_LIBRARY_PATH, so that the current version of the shared library is always available to programs that use it.
For the csh or tcsh shells, you would add something like this to your ~/.cshrc file:
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/home/sjplimp/sparta/src
Either flavor of library (static or shared) allows one or more SPARTA objects to be instantiated from the calling program.
When used from a C++ program, all of SPARTA is wrapped in a SPARTA_NS namespace; you can safely use any of its classes and methods from within the calling code, as needed.
When used from a C or Fortran program or a scripting language like Python, the library has a simple function-style interface, provided in src/library.cpp and src/library.h.
See Section_howto 4.7 of the manual for ideas on how to couple SPARTA to other codes via its library interface. See Section_python of the manual for a description of the Python wrapper provided with SPARTA that operates through the SPARTA library interface.
The files src/library.cpp and library.h define the C-style API for using SPARTA as a library. See Section_howto 4.6 of the manual for a description of the interface and how to extend it for your needs.
SPARTA can be tested by using the CMake build system.
Basic Testing
To enable basic testing, use the SPARTA_ENABLE_TESTING option when configuring sparta:
cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NAME.cmake -DSPARTA_MACHINE=basic-test-tutorial -DSPARTA_ENABLE_TESTING=ON /path/to/sparta/cmake
Setting SPARTA_ENABLE_TESTING to ON, adds tests in /path/to/sparta/examples/**/in.* to be run via ctest. Each in.* file corresponds to an individual test. If BUILD_MPI is ON, tests will be configured to run with both 1 and 4 mpi ranks. If the binaries are built, tests can be run via ctest:
make ctest
This will run all the tests in serial. To run the tests in parallel, use -j:
ctest -j4
This will run up to four single rank, single thread per rank mpi_1 tests in parallel or up to one 4 rank, single thread per rank mpi_4 tests. ctest has many options including regex filters for running tests that only match the specified regex. See ctest --help for more information.
Adding and Removing tests
Add more tests by creating one or more input decks in /path/to/sparta/examples/SUITE. Each in.* file in /path/to/sparta/examples/SUITE corresponds to an individual test and will be picked up by the CMake build system if SPARTA_ENABLE_TESTING is ON.
To disable tests, remove the in.* file or remove the in. prefix from the in.TEST file by renaming the file to DISABLED.in.TEST, for example.
Advanced Testing
To enable advanced testing, use the SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH option when configuring sparta:
cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NAME.cmake -DSPARTA_MACHINE=advanced-test-tutorial -DSPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH=/path/to/dsmc_testing /path/to/sparta/cmake
Setting SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH to a valid dsmc_testing path adds tests in SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH to be run by SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH/regression.py via ctest.
After configuring, build the binaries and run the tests via ctest:
make ctest
This will run all tests found in SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH/examples by SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH/regression.py. If SPARTA_ENABLE_TESTING is ON, all tests found in /path/to/sparta/examples will configured to run by SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH/regression.py.
SPARTA CMake Testing options
The following options allow the user more control over how the tests are run:
SPARTA_SPA_ARGS can be specified to add additional arguments for the sparta binaries being run by ctest. This option is only applied if SPARTA_ENABLE_TESTING or SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH are enabled.
SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_DRIVER_ARGS can be specified to add additional arguments to the SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH/regression.py script.
The SPARTA_CTEST_CONFIGS option allows the user to run the same set of binaries with different arguments. SPARTA_CTEST_CONFIGS lets the user add additional ctest configurations, seperated by ';', that allow SPARTA_SPA_ARGS_CONFIG_NAME or SPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_DRIVER_ARGS_CONFIG_NAME to be specified. For example:
cmake -C /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/NAME.cmake -DSPARTA_MACHINE=advanced-test-tutorial -DSPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_PATH=/path/to/dsmc_testing -DSPARTA_CTEST_CONFIGS="PARALLEL;SERIAL" -DSPARTA_SPA_ARGS_SERIAL=spa_serial_args -DSPARTA_SPA_ARGS_PARALLEL=spa_parallel_args -DSPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_DRIVER_ARGS_PARALLEL=driver_parallel_args -DSPARTA_DSMC_TESTING_DRIVER_ARGS_PARALLEL=driver_serial_args /path/to/sparta/cmake
To verify that the binaries are being run with the proper arguments:
make ctest -C SERIAL -VV ctest -C PARALLEL -VV
The SPARTA_MULTIBUILD_CONFIGS option allows the user to run different sets of binaries for the same input decks. SPARTA_MULTIBUILD_CONFIGS lets the user add additional build configurations, separated by ';', that will build sparta with the cache file located in `SPARTA_MULTIBUILD_PRESET_DIR/CONFIG_NAME.cmake`. For example:
cmake -DSPARTA_MULTIBUILD_CONFIGS="test_mac;test_mac_mpi" -DSPARTA_MULTIBUILD_PRESET_DIR=/path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/ /path/to/sparta/cmake
This cmake command assumes that /path/to/sparta/cmake/presets/test_mac_mpi,test_mac.cmake exist.
To verify that the correct binaries are being run:
make ctest -VV
By default, SPARTA runs by reading commands from standard input. Thus if you run the SPARTA executable by itself, e.g.
spa_g++
it will simply wait, expecting commands from the keyboard. Typically you should put commands in an input script and use I/O redirection, e.g.
spa_g++ < in.file
For parallel environments this should also work. If it does not, use the '-in' command-line switch, e.g.
spa_g++ -in in.file
Section 3 describes how input scripts are structured and what commands they contain.
You can test SPARTA on any of the sample inputs provided in the examples or bench directory. Input scripts are named in.* and sample outputs are named log.*.name.P where name is a machine and P is the number of processors it was run on.
Here is how you might run one of the benchmarks on a Linux box, using mpirun to launch a parallel job:
cd src make g++ cp spa_g++ ../bench cd ../bench mpirun -np 4 spa_g++ < in.free
or:
cd build cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++ -DSPARTA_MACHINE=g++ /path/to/sparta/cmake cp src/spa_g++ /path/to/bench cd /path/to/bench mpirun -np 4 spa_g++ < in.free
See this page for timings for this and the other benchmarks on various platforms.
The screen output from SPARTA is described in the next section. As it runs, SPARTA also writes a log.sparta file with the same information.
Note that this sequence of commands copies the SPARTA executable (spa_g++) to the directory with the input files. This may not be necessary, but some versions of MPI reset the working directory to where the executable is, rather than leave it as the directory where you launch mpirun from (if you launch spa_g++ on its own and not under mpirun). If that happens, SPARTA will look for additional input files and write its output files to the executable directory, rather than your working directory, which is probably not what you want.
If SPARTA encounters errors in the input script or while running a simulation it will print an ERROR message and stop or a WARNING message and continue. See Section 12 for a discussion of the various kinds of errors SPARTA can or can't detect, a list of all ERROR and WARNING messages, and what to do about them.
SPARTA can run a problem on any number of processors, including a single processor. The random numbers used by each processor will be different so you should only expect statistical consistency if the same problem is run on different numbers of processors.
SPARTA can run as large a problem as will fit in the physical memory of one or more processors. If you run out of memory, you must run on more processors or setup a smaller problem.
At run time, SPARTA recognizes several optional command-line switches which may be used in any order. Either the full word or a one-or-two letter abbreviation can be used:
For example, spa_g++ might be launched as follows:
mpirun -np 16 spa_g++ -v f tmp.out -l my.log -sc none < in.sphere mpirun -np 16 spa_g++ -var f tmp.out -log my.log -screen none < in.sphere
Here are the details on the options:
-echo style
Set the style of command echoing. The style can be none or screen or log or both. Depending on the style, each command read from the input script will be echoed to the screen and/or logfile. This can be useful to figure out which line of your script is causing an input error. The default value is log. The echo style can also be set by using the echo command in the input script itself.
-in file
Specify a file to use as an input script. This is an optional switch when running SPARTA in one-partition mode. If it is not specified, SPARTA reads its input script from stdin - e.g. spa_g++ < in.run. This is a required switch when running SPARTA in multi-partition mode, since multiple processors cannot all read from stdin.
-help
Print a list of options compiled into this executable for each SPARTA style (fix, compute, collide, etc). SPARTA will print the info and immediately exit if this switch is used.
-kokkos on/off keyword/value ...
Explicitly enable or disable KOKKOS support, as provided by the KOKKOS package. Even if SPARTA is built with this package, as described above in Section 2.3, this switch must be set to enable running with the KOKKOS-enabled styles the package provides. If the switch is not set (the default), SPARTA will operate as if the KOKKOS package were not installed; i.e. you can run standard SPARTA for testing or benchmarking purposes.
Additional optional keyword/value pairs can be specified which determine how Kokkos will use the underlying hardware on your platform. These settings apply to each MPI task you launch via the "mpirun" or "mpiexec" command. You may choose to run one or more MPI tasks per physical node. Note that if you are running on a desktop machine, you typically have one physical node. On a cluster or supercomputer there may be dozens or 1000s of physical nodes.
Either the full word or an abbreviation can be used for the keywords. Note that the keywords do not use a leading minus sign. I.e. the keyword is "t", not "-t". Also note that each of the keywords has a default setting. Example of when to use these options and what settings to use on different platforms is given in Section 5.3.
device Nd
This option is only relevant if you built SPARTA with KOKKOS_DEVICES=Cuda, you have more than one GPU per node, and if you are running with only one MPI task per node. The Nd setting is the ID of the GPU on the node to run on. By default Nd = 0. If you have multiple GPUs per node, they have consecutive IDs numbered as 0,1,2,etc. This setting allows you to launch multiple independent jobs on the node, each with a single MPI task per node, and assign each job to run on a different GPU.
gpus Ng Ns
This option is only relevant if you built SPARTA with KOKKOS_DEVICES=Cuda, you have more than one GPU per node, and you are running with multiple MPI tasks per node. The Ng setting is how many GPUs you will use per node. The Ns setting is optional. If set, it is the ID of a GPU to skip when assigning MPI tasks to GPUs. This may be useful if your desktop system reserves one GPU to drive the screen and the rest are intended for computational work like running SPARTA. By default Ng = 1 and Ns is not set.
Depending on which flavor of MPI you are running, SPARTA will look for one of these 4 environment variables
SLURM_LOCALID (various MPI variants compiled with SLURM support) MPT_LRANK (HPE MPI) MV2_COMM_WORLD_LOCAL_RANK (Mvapich) OMPI_COMM_WORLD_LOCAL_RANK (OpenMPI)
which are initialized by the "srun", "mpirun" or "mpiexec" commands. The environment variable setting for each MPI rank is used to assign a unique GPU ID to the MPI task.
threads Nt
This option assigns Nt number of threads to each MPI task for performing work when Kokkos is executing in OpenMP or pthreads mode. The default is Nt = 1, which essentially runs in MPI-only mode. If there are Np MPI tasks per physical node, you generally want Np*Nt = the number of physical cores per node, to use your available hardware optimally. If SPARTA is compiled with KOKKOS_DEVICES=Cuda, this setting has no effect.
-log file
Specify a log file for SPARTA to write status information to. In one-partition mode, if the switch is not used, SPARTA writes to the file log.sparta. If this switch is used, SPARTA writes to the specified file. In multi-partition mode, if the switch is not used, a log.sparta file is created with hi-level status information. Each partition also writes to a log.sparta.N file where N is the partition ID. If the switch is specified in multi-partition mode, the hi-level logfile is named "file" and each partition also logs information to a file.N. For both one-partition and multi-partition mode, if the specified file is "none", then no log files are created. Using a log command in the input script will override this setting. Option -plog will override the name of the partition log files file.N.
-partition 8x2 4 5 ...
Invoke SPARTA in multi-partition mode. When SPARTA is run on P processors and this switch is not used, SPARTA runs in one partition, i.e. all P processors run a single simulation. If this switch is used, the P processors are split into separate partitions and each partition runs its own simulation. The arguments to the switch specify the number of processors in each partition. Arguments of the form MxN mean M partitions, each with N processors. Arguments of the form N mean a single partition with N processors. The sum of processors in all partitions must equal P. Thus the command "-partition 8x2 4 5" has 10 partitions and runs on a total of 25 processors. Note that with MPI installed on a machine (e.g. your desktop), you can run on more (virtual) processors than you have physical processors.
To run multiple independent simulatoins from one input script, using multiple partitions, see Section 6.3 of the manual. World- and universe-style variables are useful in this context.
-package style args ....
Invoke the package command with style and args. The syntax is the same as if the command appeared at the top of the input script. For example "-package kokkos on gpus 2" or "-pk kokkos g 2" is the same as package kokkos g 2 in the input script. The possible styles and args are documented on the package doc page. This switch can be used multiple times.
Along with the "-suffix" command-line switch, this is a convenient mechanism for invoking the KOKKOS accelerator package and its options without having to edit an input script.
-plog file
Specify the base name for the partition log files, so partition N writes log information to file.N. If file is none, then no partition log files are created. This overrides the filename specified in the -log command-line option. This option is useful when working with large numbers of partitions, allowing the partition log files to be suppressed (-plog none) or placed in a sub-directory (-plog replica_files/log.sparta) If this option is not used the log file for partition N is log.sparta.N or whatever is specified by the -log command-line option.
-pscreen file
Specify the base name for the partition screen file, so partition N writes screen information to file.N. If file is none, then no partition screen files are created. This overrides the filename specified in the -screen command-line option. This option is useful when working with large numbers of partitions, allowing the partition screen files to be suppressed (-pscreen none) or placed in a sub-directory (-pscreen replica_files/screen) If this option is not used the screen file for partition N is screen.N or whatever is specified by the -screen command-line option.
-screen file
Specify a file for SPARTA to write its screen information to. In one-partition mode, if the switch is not used, SPARTA writes to the screen. If this switch is used, SPARTA writes to the specified file instead and you will see no screen output. In multi-partition mode, if the switch is not used, hi-level status information is written to the screen. Each partition also writes to a screen.N file where N is the partition ID. If the switch is specified in multi-partition mode, the hi-level screen dump is named "file" and each partition also writes screen information to a file.N. For both one-partition and multi-partition mode, if the specified file is "none", then no screen output is performed. Option -pscreen will override the name of the partition screen files file.N.
-suffix style args
Use variants of various styles if they exist. The specified style can be kk. This refers to optional KOKKOS package that SPARTA can be built with, as described above in Section 2.3.
Along with the "-package" command-line switch, this is a convenient mechanism for invoking the KOKKOS accelerator package and its options without having to edit an input script.
As an example, the KOKKOS package provides a compute_style temp variant, with style name temp/kk. A variant style can be specified explicitly in your input script, e.g. compute temp/kk. If the suffix command is used with the appropriate style, you do not need to modify your input script. The specified suffix (kk) is automatically appended whenever your input script command creates a new fix, compute, etc. If the variant version does not exist, the standard version is created.
For the KOKKOS package, using this command-line switch also invokes the default KOKKOS settings, as if the command "package kokkos" were used at the top of your input script. These settings can be changed by using the "-package kokkos" command-line switch or the package kokkos command in your script.
The suffix command can also be used within an input script to set a suffix, or to turn off or back on any suffix setting made via the command line.
-var name value1 value2 ...
Specify a variable that will be defined for substitution purposes when the input script is read. "Name" is the variable name which can be a single character (referenced as $x in the input script) or a full string (referenced as ${abc}). An index-style variable will be created and populated with the subsequent values, e.g. a set of filenames. Using this command-line option is equivalent to putting the line "variable name index value1 value2 ..." at the beginning of the input script. Defining an index variable as a command-line argument overrides any setting for the same index variable in the input script, since index variables cannot be re-defined. See the variable command for more info on defining index and other kinds of variables and Section 3.2 for more info on using variables in input scripts.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Currently, the command-line parser looks for arguments that start with "-" to indicate new switches. Thus you cannot specify multiple variable values if any of they start with a "-", e.g. a negative numeric value. It is OK if the first value1 starts with a "-", since it is automatically skipped.
As SPARTA reads an input script, it prints information to both the screen and a log file about significant actions it takes to setup a simulation. When the simulation is ready to begin, SPARTA performs various initializations and prints the amount of memory (in MBytes per processor) that the simulation requires. It also prints details of the initial state of the system. During the run itself, statistical information is printed periodically, every few timesteps. When the run concludes, SPARTA prints the final state and a total run time for the simulation. It then appends statistics about the CPU time and size of information stored for the simulation. An example set of statistics is shown here:
Loop time of 0.639973 on 4 procs for 1000 steps with 45792 particles
MPI task timing breakdown: Section | min time | avg time | max time |%varavg| %total --------------------------------------------------------------- Move | 0.10948 | 0.26191 | 0.42049 | 27.6 | 40.92 Coll | 0.013711 | 0.041659 | 0.070985 | 13.5 | 6.51 Sort | 0.01733 | 0.040286 | 0.063573 | 10.6 | 6.29 Comm | 0.02276 | 0.023555 | 0.02493 | 0.6 | 3.68 Modify | 0.00018167 | 0.024758 | 0.051345 | 15.6 | 3.87 Output | 0.0002172 | 0.0007354 | 0.0012152 | 0.0 | 0.11 Other | | 0.2471 | | | 38.61
Particle moves = 38096354 (38.1M) Cells touched = 43236871 (43.2M) Particle comms = 146623 (0.147M) Boundary collides = 182782 (0.183M) Boundary exits = 181792 (0.182M) SurfColl checks = 7670863 (7.67M) SurfColl occurs = 177740 (0.178M) Surf reactions = 124169 (0.124M) Collide attempts = 1232 (1K) Collide occurs = 553 (0.553K) Gas reactions = 23 (0.023K) Particles stuck = 0
Particle-moves/CPUsec/proc: 1.4882e+07 Particle-moves/step: 38096.4 Cell-touches/particle/step: 1.13493 Particle comm iterations/step: 1.999 Particle fraction communicated: 0.00384874 Particle fraction colliding with boundary: 0.00479789 Particle fraction exiting boundary: 0.0047719 Surface-checks/particle/step: 0.201354 Surface-collisions/particle/step: 0.00466554 Surface-reactions/particle/step: 0.00325934 Collision-attempts/particle/step: 1.232 Collisions/particle/step: 0.553 Gas-reactions/particle/step: 0.023
Gas reaction tallies: style tce #-of-reactions 45 reaction O2 + N --> O + O + N: 10 reaction O2 + O --> O + O + O: 5 reaction N2 + O --> N + N + O: 8
Surface reaction tallies: id 1 style global #-of-reactions 2 reaction all: 124025 reaction delete: 53525 reaction create: 70500
Particles: 11448 ave 17655 max 5306 min Histogram: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Cells: 100 ave 100 max 100 min Histogram: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GhostCell: 21 ave 21 max 21 min Histogram: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EmptyCell: 21 ave 21 max 21 min Histogram: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Surfs: 50 ave 50 max 50 min Histogram: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GhostSurf: 0 ave 0 max 0 min Histogram: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
The first line gives the total CPU run time for the simulation, in seconds.
The next section gives a breakdown of the CPU timing (in seconds) in 7 categories. The first four are timings for particles moves, which includes interaction with surface elements, then particle collisions, then sorting of particles (required to perform collisions), and communication of particles between processors. The Modify section is time for operations invoked by fixes and computes. The Output section is for dump command and statistical output. The Other category is typically for load-imbalance, as some MPI tasks wait for others MPI tasks to complete. In each category the min,ave,max time across processors is shown, as well as a variation, and the percentage of total time.
The next section gives some statistics about the run. These are total counts of particle moves, grid cells touched by particles, the number of particles communicated between processors, collisions of particles with the global boundary and with surface elements (none in this problem), as well as collision and reaction statistics.
The next section gives additional statistics, normalized by timestep or processor count.
The next 2 sections are optional. The "Gas reaction tallies" section is only output if the react command is used. For each reaction with a non-zero tally, the number of those reactions that occurred during the run is printed. The "Surface reaction tallies" section is only output if the surf_react command was used one or more times, to assign reaction models to individual surface elements or the box boundaries. For each of the commands, and each of its reactions with a non-zero tally, the number of those reactions that occurred during the run is printed. Note that this is effectively a summation over all the surface elements and/or box boundaries the surf_react command was used to assign a reaction model to.
The last section is a histogramming across processors of various per-processor statistics: particle count, owned grid cells, processor, ghost grid cells which are copies of cells owned by other processors, and empty cells which are ghost cells without surface information (only used to pass particles to neighboring processors).
The ave value is the average across all processors. The max and min values are for any processor. The 10-bin histogram shows the distribution of the value across processors. The total number of histogram counts is equal to the number of processors.